Good topic Cameron, nice attachment Lin.
These are some notes from a course I attended which may be of interest to some. If not, no worries, it was good revision typing out these edited highlights:
Interdependence is the mechanism that binds all elements of existence, karma is the energy that puts it in action. Interdependence is like the interdependent mechanical parts of the samsaric car, karma is the fuel that allows it to run.
Karma has two components: the intention that precedes an act and the karmic imprint or trace that
is left in consciousness following the act that will produce a result in the future when conditions are right.
The intention behind an act and its affect on the object determines whether karma is positive or negative:
White intention/white act: positive
White intention/black act: positive
Black intention/white act: negative
Black intention/black act: negative
Positive karma originates from the eleven virtuous mental factors and the ten abstensions/virtues.
Negative karma originates from the six root passions, the twenty secondary passions and the indulgence of the ten non-virtuous acts.
A karmic path has four stages:
1) The basis: the object on which a karmic path can be accomplished e.g. a sentient being
2) Thought: comprised of three elements:
- Identifying, the basis must be recognised without any mistake e.g. that particular being will be singled out.
- Motivation the conscious desire to carry out an act.
- The mental factor involved: from the range of positive and negative factors.
3) The action itself.
4) The outcome.
When the four stages of karma are fulfilled then there are three types of effects:
1) The fully ripened result, e.g.in the case of negative karma rebirth in a lower realm.
2) The result similar to the cause has two elements
- result similar to the cause in the action e.g. reborn killers will from a young age delight in killing.
- result similar to the cause in the experience e.g. reborn killers dying at a young age in several successive lifetimes from having shortened the lives of others in past lives.
3) The result similar to the power: this conditions the environment and the circumstances of future lives e.g. being born in a war zone
There are three types of karma depending on the results:
- Meritorious karma that induces a favourable rebirth in one of the three upper realms.
- Non-meritorious karma that induces an unfavourable rebirth in one of the three lower realms.
- Stable karma leads to rebirth in the pure-form and formless god realms.
All these karmas are conditioned by ignorance whose results do not escape samsara.
Karma is said to be accumulated if one has the intention to carry it out.
Karma is accomplished when the act has been carried out.
Accumulation and accomplishment have four combinations:
- Accumulated and accomplished karma: one has the desire to carry out an act and does it.
- Accumulated karma that has not been accomplished: one has a desire to do something but doesn't.
- Karma that has not been accumulated but has been accomplished: no desire to kill but still inadvertently kills.
- Karma that is neither accumulated nor accomplished: one has no desire to kill, has inadvertently killed but immediately applied the four powers of purification.
The power of a given karma depends on several factors:
* The length of time between the moment the karmic imprint is registered in the consciousness and the moment when the right conditions are united for the result to manifest. Karma continuously increases over time.
* The conjunction (complete or incomplete) of the four stages of the karmic path.
* The object affected by karma: a karma will be more active and powerful if it is linked to a holy being, someone close, a bodhisattva or someone in great danger.
* The frequency of the act: the cummulative repetition of karmas of the same sort reinforces them.
* The intensity of the motivation: temporary irritation or stubborn hatred, momentary pity or authentic compassion ...
* Absence or presence of opposite kinds of karmas: these can reduce, postpone or thwart the result.
A karmic result can mature at three different times: this life; the next life; a subsequent life.